A 54-year-old woman who presented with enlarged mass on the back of her left hand and intermittent painful lump on her left wrist (Fig. 1A), accompanied by movement limitation for 1 years was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University. She denied fever and night sweats. She had a medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis which was well controlled by glucocorticoid and rituximab therapy. Physical examination of the left hand revealed swelling, mild tenderness and limitation of range of motion. Laboratory data showed erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 39 mm/h, C-reactive protein of 1.7 mg/L, serum anti-dsDNA of 159.6 IU/mL (normal reference < 100 mg/L), serum complement 3 of 0.04 g/L (normal reference 0.11–0.32 g/L) and serum complement 4 of 0.51 g/L (normal reference 0.76–1.70 g/L). The complete blood count test was normal. Ultrasonography of the left hand showed the presence of fluid collection and some low-level internal echoes without acoustic shadow. A radical synovectomy was performed and she had immediate improvement of symptoms. During surgical exploration, abundant rice bodies were found in the back of left hand and wrist were found (Fig. 1B, C). The samples were delivered for pathological examination. An open incisional biopsy demonstrated multiple small ovoid nodules of fibrinoid proteinaceous material, which were consistent with rice bodies, with prominent granulomatous response. Staining of tissue section for acid-fast bacilli was negative. We then sent the tissue for next-generation sequencing technology to rule out all infectious pathogen including tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterium infection. The result turned negative.