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Pulmonology / Original Article
Pleural fluid cytokines in malignant pleural effusion: associations with lung expandability and prediction of pleurodesis outcome
Jarudul Phocharoen, Pimpayao Sodsai, Virissorn Wongsrichanalai, Vorawut Thanthitaweewat, Thitiwat Sriprasart, Nophol Leelayuwatanakul
Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(6):1104-1113. Published online November 1, 2026
Background/Aims: Lung expandability is a key determinant of successful pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Although pleural elastance is widely used to assess expandability, pleurodesis may still fail in some patients with low elastance. This study investigated pleural fluid cytokines as..
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