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Cardiology / Original Article
Long-term clinical outcome and risk stratification across stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in a nationwide cohort
Hyun-Jin Kim, Byung Sik Kim, Hasung Kim, Jungkuk Lee, Ha Hye Jo, Dong Wook Kim, Jeong-Hun Shin, Ki-Chul Sung
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(6):975-989. Published online October 28, 2025
Background/Aims: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a continuum of metabolic, cardiovascular, and kidney dysfunctions. This study aimed to evaluate the association between CKM stages and the risk of adverse composite clinical outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used da..
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Cardiology / Original Article
Association of the triglyceride-glucose index with cardiovascular outcomes across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages
Byung Sik Kim, Hyun-Jin Kim, Shinje Moon, Hasung Kim, Jungkuk Lee, Jeong-Hun Shin
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(6):961-974. Published online October 31, 2025
Background/Aims: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome reflects the interplay between metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance (IR) is a key driver of CKM and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The triglyceride-glucose (T..
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Gastroenterology / Original Article
Risk of colorectal cancer in kidney transplant recipients and patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis
Yongchel Ahn, Hoon Yu, Yoonjong Bae, Mina Kim, Seung Bum Lee
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(6):952-960. Published online October 28, 2025
Background/Aims: Assessing the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) after kidney transplantation (KT) in patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD) receiving dialysis is crucial to determine KT’s risks and benefits. In Korea, the study results remain unclear. Therefore, using a nationwide health scree..
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Pulmonology / Review
Shared decision-making for kidney replacement therapy: a comprehensive review and a proposed model
Hyun Jung Shin, Seoyoung Choi, Sejoong Kim
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(6):890-908. Published online October 31, 2025
Shared decision-making (SDM) enables patients to actively engage in healthcare decisions by ensuring that treatment options align with their values and preferences. The use of SDM is increasingly recognized in the context of selecting kidney replacement therapy (KRT) for patients with chronic kidney..
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Pulmonology / Review
Managing dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive overview of evidence and recommendations
Ji Yoon Kim, Suk Min Chung, Nam Hoon Kim
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(6):876-889. Published online October 31, 2025
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a significantly increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), making dyslipidemia management a critical component of cardiovascular risk reduction in this population. However, as the estimated glomerular filtration rate declines, distinct p..
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Nephrology / Original Article
Impaired aldosterone response to potassium and hyperkalemia in patients receiving a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor
Miyeon Kim, Hwa Young Lee, Hyunwoo Kim
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(3):468-481. Published online April 30, 2025
Background/Aims: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are associated with the development of hyperkalemia. We evaluated the relationship between the serum aldosterone-to-potassium ratio (APR) and the risk of developing hyperkalemia in patients ..
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Nephrology / Review
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and its role in attenuating renal fibrosis: a review
Yousuf Abdulkarim Waheed, Wokuheleza Buberwa, Dong Sun
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(2):219-229. Published online December 13, 2023
Chronic kidney disease is estimated to affect approximately 10 to 15% of the Chinese population. Renal fibrosis is characterized by progressive extracellular matrix deposition in the kidney parenchyma with eventual tissue scarring and inevitable deterioration of renal function. Vascular rarefaction,..
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Nephrology / Original Article
Kidney replacement therapy trends in end-stage kidney disease patients in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic
Ah-Young Kim, Min-Jeong Lee, Heejung Choi, Hankil Lee, Inwhee Park
Korean J Intern Med. 2024;39(6):967-978. Published online October 24, 2024
Background/Aims: The corona virus disease 2019 posed a major risk for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) cases. Our study aimed to assess changes in kidney replacement therapy (KRT) trends and healthcare access for these patients during the pandemic.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed nationwide dat..
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Nephrology / Review
Steps to understanding diabetes kidney disease: a focus on metabolomics
Hyo Jin Kim, Sang Heon Song
Korean J Intern Med. 2024;39(6):898-905. Published online October 22, 2024
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), poses global health challenges given its increasing prevalence. DN increases the risk of mortality and cardiovascular events. Early identification and appropriate DN management are crucial. Howe..
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Nephrology / Review
Machine learning approaches toward an understanding of acute kidney injury: current trends and future directions
Inyong Jeong, Nam-Jun Cho, Se-Jin Ahn, Hwamin Lee, Hyo-Wook Gil
Korean J Intern Med. 2024;39(6):882-897. Published online October 29, 2024
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant health challenge associated with adverse patient outcomes and substantial economic burdens. Many authors have sought to prevent and predict AKI. Here, we comprehensively review recent advances in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict AKI, and t..
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Nephrology / Review
Kidney transplantation in the elderly
Byung Hwa Park, Song Yi Kil, Ye Na Kim, Ho Sik Shin, Yeonsoon Jung, Hark Rim
Korean J Intern Med. 2024;39(6):875-881. Published online October 24, 2024
Interest in kidney transplant studies in the elderly population is increasing as more research has been conducted on the immune system. With this review, we hope to encourage the need for research on kidney transplantation in the elderly.
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Nephrology / Original Article
Obesity is associated with incident chronic kidney disease in individuals with normal renal function
Su Hyun Song, Tae Ryom Oh, Sang Heon Suh, Hong Sang Choi, Chang Seong Kim, Seong Kwon Ma, Soo Wan Kim, Eun Hui Bae
Korean J Intern Med. 2024;39(5):813-822. Published online August 13, 2024
Background/Aims: Obesity has known to be a modifiable risk factor associated with worse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but few studies have examined the impact of obesity on CKD incidence in the general population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of body mass index (..
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Endocrinology-metabolism / Original Article
Efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment for Korean patients with Stage 3b–4 chronic kidney disease and osteoporosis
Jin Taek Kim, You Mi Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Hoonsung Choi, So Young Lee, Hyo-Jeong Kim
Korean J Intern Med. 2024;39(1):148-159. Published online December 22, 2023
Background/Aims: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with osteoporosis. We also investigated whether the treatment affects the coronary artery calcifications.
Methods: Twenty-seven postmenopausal women with Stage 3b–4 CKD and..
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Nephrology / Original Article
Prognostic role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with chronic kidney disease
Jin Kim, Su Hyun Song, Tae Ryom Oh, Sang Heon Suh, Hong Sang Choi, Chang Seong Kim, Seong Kwon Ma, Soo Wan Kim, Eun Hui Bae
Korean J Intern Med. 2023;38(5):725-733. Published online August 17, 2023
Background/Aims: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has a prognostic value in cardiovascular disease, infection, inflammatory disease, and several malignancies. Therefore, the NLR has a possible predictive value in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but this predictive value has not b..
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Nephrology / Review
Recent updates in therapeutic approach using tolvaptan for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Yaerim Kim, Seungyeup Han
Korean J Intern Med. 2023;38(3):322-331. Published online April 25, 2023
As a genetic disease, there has been a long-standing effort to identify therapeutic options for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Following the development of tolvaptan, a vasopressin 2 receptor antagonist, the treatment strategy for ADPKD patients with rapid disease progression ..
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Nephrology / Review
Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: from bench to bedside
Da Woon Kim, Sang Heon Song
Korean J Intern Med. 2023;38(3):303-321. Published online April 20, 2023
Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by a loss of muscle mass and function. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), where a chronic catabolic state exists, sarcopenia commonly occurs through various mechanisms, resulting in muscle wasting and decreased muscle endurance. Sarcopenic patients with CKD have..
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Nephrology / Original Article
Insufficient early renal recovery and progression to subsequent chronic kidney disease in living kidney donors
Yaerim Kim, Eunjeong Kang, Dong-Wan Chae, Jung Pyo Lee, Sik Lee, Soo Wan Kim, Jang-Hee Cho, Miyeun Han, Seungyeup Han, Yong Chul Kim, Dong Ki Kim, Kwon Wook Joo, Yon Su Kim, Hajeong Lee
Korean J Intern Med. 2022;37(5):1021-1030. Published online April 13, 2022
Background/Aims: Renal recovery of a kidney donor after undergoing nephrectomy though challenging is essential. We aimed to examine the effect of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) percent change at 1-month post-donation on insufficient kidney function after kidney donation.
Methods: A tot..
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Nephrology / Original Article
Low waist circumference prior to percutaneous coronary intervention predict the risk for end-stage renal disease: a nationwide Korean population based-cohort study
Eun Hui Bae, Sang Yup Lim, Eun Mi Yang, Tae Ryom Oh, Hong Sang Choi, Chang Seong Kim, Seong Kwon Ma, Bongseong Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Soo Wan Kim
Korean J Intern Med. 2022;37(3):639-652. Published online February 11, 2022
Background/Aims: The obesity paradox has been known in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the effect of body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the development of ESRD is not clear.
Methods: Using nationally representative data fr..
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Review
Role of T cells in ischemic acute kidney injury and repair
Kyungho Lee, Hye Ryoun Jang
Korean J Intern Med. 2022;37(3):534-550. Published online April 28, 2022
Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common medical problem with significant mortality and morbidity, affecting a large number of patients globally. Ischemic AKI is associated with intrarenal inflammation as well as systemic inflammation; thus, the innate and adaptive immune systems are implicate..
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Review
Omics-based biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of kidney allograft rejection
Jeong-Hoon Lim, Byung Ha Chung, Sang-Ho Lee, Hee-Yeon Jung, Ji-Young Choi, Jang-Hee Cho, Sun-Hee Park, Yong-Lim Kim, Chan-Duck Kim
Korean J Intern Med. 2022;37(3):520-533. Published online April 15, 2022
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease, because it prolongs survival and improves quality of life. Allograft biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing allograft rejection. However, it is invasive and reactive, and continuous monitoring is unreal..
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