|
Cardiology / Original Article
Long-term clinical outcome and risk stratification across stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in a nationwide cohort
Hyun-Jin Kim, Byung Sik Kim, Hasung Kim, Jungkuk Lee, Ha Hye Jo, Dong Wook Kim, Jeong-Hun Shin, Ki-Chul Sung
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(6):975-989. Published online October 28, 2025
Background/Aims: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a continuum of metabolic, cardiovascular, and kidney dysfunctions. This study aimed to evaluate the association between CKM stages and the risk of adverse composite clinical outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used da..
|
|
|
Cardiology / Original Article
Association of the triglyceride-glucose index with cardiovascular outcomes across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages
Byung Sik Kim, Hyun-Jin Kim, Shinje Moon, Hasung Kim, Jungkuk Lee, Jeong-Hun Shin
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(6):961-974. Published online October 31, 2025
Background/Aims: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome reflects the interplay between metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance (IR) is a key driver of CKM and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The triglyceride-glucose (T..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Original Article
Impaired aldosterone response to potassium and hyperkalemia in patients receiving a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor
Miyeon Kim, Hwa Young Lee, Hyunwoo Kim
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(3):468-481. Published online April 30, 2025
Background/Aims: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are associated with the development of hyperkalemia. We evaluated the relationship between the serum aldosterone-to-potassium ratio (APR) and the risk of developing hyperkalemia in patients ..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Review
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and its role in attenuating renal fibrosis: a review
Yousuf Abdulkarim Waheed, Wokuheleza Buberwa, Dong Sun
Korean J Intern Med. 2025;40(2):219-229. Published online December 13, 2023
Chronic kidney disease is estimated to affect approximately 10 to 15% of the Chinese population. Renal fibrosis is characterized by progressive extracellular matrix deposition in the kidney parenchyma with eventual tissue scarring and inevitable deterioration of renal function. Vascular rarefaction,..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Review
Steps to understanding diabetes kidney disease: a focus on metabolomics
Hyo Jin Kim, Sang Heon Song
Korean J Intern Med. 2024;39(6):898-905. Published online October 22, 2024
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), poses global health challenges given its increasing prevalence. DN increases the risk of mortality and cardiovascular events. Early identification and appropriate DN management are crucial. Howe..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Review
Kidney transplantation in the elderly
Byung Hwa Park, Song Yi Kil, Ye Na Kim, Ho Sik Shin, Yeonsoon Jung, Hark Rim
Korean J Intern Med. 2024;39(6):875-881. Published online October 24, 2024
Interest in kidney transplant studies in the elderly population is increasing as more research has been conducted on the immune system. With this review, we hope to encourage the need for research on kidney transplantation in the elderly.
|
|
|
Nephrology / Original Article
Obesity is associated with incident chronic kidney disease in individuals with normal renal function
Su Hyun Song, Tae Ryom Oh, Sang Heon Suh, Hong Sang Choi, Chang Seong Kim, Seong Kwon Ma, Soo Wan Kim, Eun Hui Bae
Korean J Intern Med. 2024;39(5):813-822. Published online August 13, 2024
Background/Aims: Obesity has known to be a modifiable risk factor associated with worse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but few studies have examined the impact of obesity on CKD incidence in the general population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of body mass index (..
|
|
|
Endocrinology-metabolism / Original Article
Efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment for Korean patients with Stage 3b–4 chronic kidney disease and osteoporosis
Jin Taek Kim, You Mi Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Hoonsung Choi, So Young Lee, Hyo-Jeong Kim
Korean J Intern Med. 2024;39(1):148-159. Published online December 22, 2023
Background/Aims: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with osteoporosis. We also investigated whether the treatment affects the coronary artery calcifications.
Methods: Twenty-seven postmenopausal women with Stage 3b–4 CKD and..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Original Article
Prognostic role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with chronic kidney disease
Jin Kim, Su Hyun Song, Tae Ryom Oh, Sang Heon Suh, Hong Sang Choi, Chang Seong Kim, Seong Kwon Ma, Soo Wan Kim, Eun Hui Bae
Korean J Intern Med. 2023;38(5):725-733. Published online August 17, 2023
Background/Aims: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has a prognostic value in cardiovascular disease, infection, inflammatory disease, and several malignancies. Therefore, the NLR has a possible predictive value in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but this predictive value has not b..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Review
Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: from bench to bedside
Da Woon Kim, Sang Heon Song
Korean J Intern Med. 2023;38(3):303-321. Published online April 20, 2023
Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by a loss of muscle mass and function. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), where a chronic catabolic state exists, sarcopenia commonly occurs through various mechanisms, resulting in muscle wasting and decreased muscle endurance. Sarcopenic patients with CKD have..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Original Article
Plasma oxalic acid and cardiovascular risk in end-stage renal disease patients: a prospective, observational cohort pilot study
Natalia Stepanova, Victoria Driianska, Lesya Korol, Lyudmyla Snisar, Larysa Lebed
Korean J Intern Med. 2022;37(1):167-178. Published online June 25, 2021
Background/Aims: It was hypothesized that oxalate might be strongly involved in atherogenesis and the inflammatory pathway that could result in an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Therefore, this study aimed to address two primary research qu..
|
|
|
Review
Role of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in the progression of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease
Yousuf Waheed, Fan Yang, Dong Sun
Korean J Intern Med. 2021;36(6):1281-1293. Published online July 8, 2021
Previous research has investigated whether hyperuricemia serves as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Hyperuricemia is defined as an abnormally high level of uric acid (UA; i.e., serum urate level > 6.8 mg/dL). Hyperuricemia has been considered a complication of chroni..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Original Article
Role of Akt1 in renal fibrosis and tubular dedifferentiation during the progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease
Il Young Kim, Yeon Kyeong Park, Sang Heon Song, Eun Young Seong, Dong Won Lee, Sun Sik Bae, Soo Bong Lee
Korean J Intern Med. 2021;36(4):962-974. Published online December 16, 2020
Background/Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an underestimated yet important risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular dedifferentiation. Tubular dedifferentiation, which is associated with the loss of epithelial marker..
|
|
|
Review
Clinical and genetic characteristics of Korean autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients
Yun Kyu Oh, Hayne Cho Park, Hyunjin Ryu, Yong-Chul Kim, Kook-Hwan Oh
Korean J Intern Med. 2021;36(4):767-779. Published online July 1, 2021
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease. It is characterized by cyst growth in the kidneys, resulting in kidney enlargement and end-stage kidney disease. The polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) and PKD2 have been identified as ge..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Original Article
Effect of urinary angiotensinogen and high-salt diet on blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease: results from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD)
Ha Yeon Kim, Hong Sang Choi, Chang Seong Kim, Eun Hui Bae, Seong Kwon Ma, Su-Ah Sung, Seung Hyeok Han, Kook-Hwan Oh, Curie Ahn, Soo Wan Kim
Korean J Intern Med. 2021;36(3):659-667. Published online October 8, 2020
Background/Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) excretion was associated with elevated blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to evaluate the relationship among blood pressure, intra-renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity, and ..
|
|
|
Review
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and kidney diseases in the era of coronavirus disease 2019
Sang Heon Suh, Seong Kwon Ma, Soo Wan Kim, Eun Hui Bae
Korean J Intern Med. 2021;36(2):247-262. Published online October 16, 2020
In the decades since the discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), its protective role in terms of antagonizing activation of the classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) axis has been recognized in clinical and experimental studies on kidney and cardiovascular diseases. The effects of AC..
|
|
|
Review
Nutritional management in patients with chronic kidney disease
Sun Moon Kim, Ji Yong Jung
Korean J Intern Med. 2020;35(6):1279-1290. Published online September 23, 2020
The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing with the aging of populations worldwide. As kidney function declines, the accumulation of metabolic waste products and excessive electrolytes can significantly impair the health of patients with CKD. As nutritional management of pat..
|
|
|
Review
Optimal blood pressure target and measurement in patients with chronic kidney disease
Chang Seong Kim, Hong Sang Choi, Eun Hui Bae, Soo Wan Kim, Seong Kwon Ma
Korean J Intern Med. 2019;34(6):1181-1187. Published online June 17, 2019
The prevalence rates of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing with the aging of the population. Hypertension and CKD are closely related, and hypertension with accompanying CKD is difficult to control. This difficulty controlling blood pressure (BP) can be explained by changes..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Original Article
Circulating renalase predicts all-cause mortality and renal outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
Seon Ha Baek, Ran-hui Cha, Shin Wook Kang, Cheol Whee Park, Dae Ryong Cha, Sung Gyun Kim, Sun Ae Yoon, Sejoong Kim, Sang-Youb Han, Jung Hwan Park, Jae Hyun Chang, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Ki Young Na
Korean J Intern Med. 2019;34(4):858-866. Published online November 29, 2017
Background/Aims: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been found to show markedly increased rates of end-stage renal disease, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), and mortality. Therefore, new biomarkers are required for the early detection of such clinical ou..
|
|
|
Nephrology / Original Article
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease defined by using CKD-EPI equation and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in the Korean adult population
Eunhee Ji, Yon Su Kim
Korean J Intern Med. 2016;31(6):1120-1130. Published online March 25, 2016
Background/Aims: An updated chronic kidney disease (CKD) definition and classification were proposed by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), with adoption of a new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria to evaluate kidney structural damage. This study was..
|
|
|
